Sihlanganise I-C++ Enochungechunge Olulodwa Nokugqwala Okunemicu Eminingi

Ukuxhumana nekhodi ye-C++ enochungechunge olulodwa neRust enemicu eminingi akwenzeki nje kuphela — kungenye yezindlela ezisebenzayo zokwenza amasistimu amafa abe yisimanje ngaphandle kokubhala kabusha okugcwele. E-Mewayz, sibhekane ngqo nale nselele lapho sikala i-OS yethu yebhizinisi lamamojuli angu-207 ukuze inikeze abasebenzisi abangu-138,000, futhi imiphumela yashintsha kakhulu indlela esicabanga ngayo ngokusebenzisana kwezinhlelo.

Kungani Ungaxhumanisa i-C++ Yochungechunge Olulodwa Nokugqwala Okunemicu Eminingi?

Amasistimu amaningi okukhiqiza anekhodi ye-C++ ehlolwe impi. Ukubhala kabusha yonke into ku-Rust kuzwakala kukhanga ephepheni, kodwa kwethula ingozi enkulu kanye nezinyanga zesikhathi sobunjiniyela. Indlela ye-pragmatic iwukutholwa okukhulayo - ukugoqa ingqondo ekhona ye-C++ ngenkathi kulayishwa umthwalo osindayo we-concurrency-sindayo kumodeli yobunikazi be-Rust.

Esimeni sethu, amamojula anengqondo ebhizinisi abelokhu esebenza ngokuthembekile ku-C++ yochungechunge olulodwa iminyaka. Baphathe ukucubungula imisebenzi elandelanayo, ukwenziwa kwamadokhumenti, nokubalwa kwezimali. Kodwa njengoba isisekelo sethu sabasebenzisi sikhula sidlule ku-100K, sasidinga ukucutshungulwa kwedatha efanayo, ukuphatha i-API ngesikhathi esisodwa, nokuphathwa kwezwe okwabiwe okuphephile. Thumela kanye Vumelanisa kaRust kusinikeze iziqinisekiso zesikhathi sokuhlanganisa ukuthi i-C++ ngeke ikwazi ukunikeza ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okubanzi okwenziwe ngesandla.

Isisusa esibalulekile ukunciphisa ubungozi. Ugcina lokho okusebenzayo, futhi wengeza ukuthi yiziphi izikali - ngaphandle kokugembula i-codebase yakho yonke ekufudukeni okungenzeka kungapheli.

Usebenza Kanjani Ngempela Umngcele we-FFI?

I-Foreign Function Interface (FFI) phakathi kwe-C++ ne-Rust isebenza ngamasiginesha omsebenzi ahambisana ne-C. I-Rust's extern "C" ivimba ukuveza imisebenzi i-C++ engayibiza ngokuqondile, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Inselele ebalulekile ivela lapho isikhathi sokusebenza se-Rust esinezintambo eziningi sidinga ukuncenga ikhodi ye-C++ yochungechunge olulodwa ngokuphephile.

Sixazulule lokhu sisebenzisa i-architecture ezinikele:

• Isebinzi se-C++ esinochungechunge: Wonke amakholi e-C++ afakwa ngochungechunge olulodwa oluzinikezele kusetshenziswa isiteshi esidlulisa umlayezo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi okuguquguqukayo okuwuchungechunge olulodwa akuphulwa.
• Isendlalelo sebhuloho le-Rust async: Imisebenzi ye-Tokio ihambisa umsebenzi kumabi we-C++ futhi ilinde imiphumela ngeziteshi ezishuthwe kanye, okugcina uhlangothi lwe-Rust lungavumelani ngokugcwele.
• Ukuphathwa kwesikhombi se-Opaque: Izinto ze-C++ zigoqwe nge-Rust structs esebenzisa Yehlisa ukuze kuhlanzwe okunqunyiwe, kuvimbele ukuvuza kwenkumbulo kuwo wonke umngcele wolimi.
• Ukwenziwa kwe-serialization emngceleni: Izakhiwo zedatha eziyinkimbinkimbi zihlelwa ku-FlatBuffers kusendlalelo se-FFI, kugwenywa ukufana kwesakhiwo esintekenteke futhi sivumele ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuzimele kohlangothi ngalunye.
• Ukuhlukaniswa nokwethuka:I-Rust catch_unwind ivala zonke izindawo zokungena ze-FFI ukuze ukwethuka kungalokothi kweqe umngcele wolimi, okungaba ukuziphatha okungachazwanga.

Le phethini isinike ukuphuma kweRust enezintambo eziningi ngokwethembeka kwe-C++ logic eqinisekisiwe - ngaphandle kokubhala kabusha umugqa owodwa wemithetho yebhizinisi yasekuqaleni.

Iziphi Izingibe Ezikhulu Okumele Zigwenywe?

Iphutha eliyingozi kakhulu ukucabanga ukuthi ikhodi ye-C++ iphephile uma ingekho. Isimo somhlaba wonke, okuguquguqukayo okumile, namakholi welabhulali angabuyeli kuzodala imijaho yedatha umdidiyeli we-Rust angakwazi ukuyithola kuwo wonke umngcele we-FFI. Iziqinisekiso zokuphepha ze-Rust zima ebhulokhi engaphephile — yonke into engaphakathi ingumthwalo wakho.

Imininingwane eyinhloko: I-Rust iqinisekisa ukuphepha kwenkumbulo ngaphakathi kwekhodi yayo, kodwa uma nje weqa umngcele we-FFI ungene ku-C++, uzuza njengefa yonke inkinga yokuphepha kwentambo i-C++ enayo. Izakhiwo ezizungezile lowo mngcele zibaluleke ngaphezu kwekhodi ekunoma yiluphi uhlangothi lwawo.

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Enye i-gitfall evamile ukuphatha impilo yonke. Izinto ze-C++ azihlanganyeli kusihloli sokuboleka sikaRust. Uma i-Rust yehlisa ireferensi ngenkathi u-C++ esaphethe i-pointer, uthola izimbungulu ezingasetshenziswa ngemva kwalokho okunzima kakhulu ukuzixilonga. Sibhekane nalokhu ngokuphoqelela i-semantics yobunikazi eqinile: Izinto ze-C++ zihlala ziphethwe yi-Rust wrapper eyodwa ncamashi, futhi ukufinyelela okwabiwe kuhamba ngokubala kwereferensi okusekelwe ku-Arc ohlangothini lwe-Rust.

Ngobuhlakani bokusebenza, izingcingo ze-FFI ezeqile zidala phezulu kusukela ekushintsheni kokuqukethwe kanye nokufakwa kwe-serial. Sihlanganisa imisebenzi lapho kunokwenzeka khona, sithumela ulayini wezinto zomsebenzi kumabi we-C++ kunokuba sishaye izingcingo zezilimi ezihlukene.

Isebenze Kanjani Le ndlela Ekukhiqizeni?

Ngemva kokukhipha i-hybrid architecture kuyo yonke inkundla yethu, silinganise ukuthuthukiswa okuphathekayo. Ukuphuma kwesicelo kukhuphuke ngo-3.4x kumamojula abekade ebhodlela ekucubunguleni okulandelanayo kwe-C++. Ukubambezeleka komsila (p99) kwehle ngo-61% ngenxa yokuthi isikhathi sokusebenza se-Rust esingavumelanisiwe singacubungula izicelo ezizimele ngesikhathi esisodwa kuyilapho i-C++ isingatha imisebenzi enzima yokubala emculweni wayo ozinikele.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, besingenazo iziphazamisi ezihlobene ne-concurrency ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyisithupha zokukhiqiza. Iphethini yokuvalelwa kwentambo ikwenze kwaba nzima ngokwesakhiwo ukuthi ikhodi ye-C++ ibizwe kusuka kuchungechunge oluningi, kuyilapho isistimu yohlobo lweRust ivimbele imijaho yedatha ngasohlangothini lwayo lomngcele. Lokhu kube ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo endleleni yethu yangaphambili yokuzama ukungeza ukuxhuma ku-C++ ngezimungulu, ezikhiqize izehlakalo ezintathu zesimo somjaho ngekota eyodwa.

Ithimba lonjiniyela liphinde labika imijikelezo yokuphindaphinda esheshayo. Izici ezintsha zingakhiwa ku-Rust ngokusekelwa okugcwele kwe-concurrency, kuyilapho amamojula akhona e-C++ eqhubeka nokusebenza ngaphandle kokuguqulwa. Lelisu elikhulayo lisho ukuthi asikaze sibe nokufuduka okunobungozi obukhulu "okuqhuma okukhulu" - ukuthuthukiswa okuzinzile, okulinganisekayo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ingabe i-Rust ingakwazi ukushayela imitapo yolwazi ye-C++ enochungechunge olulodwa ngaphandle kokulungiswa?

Yebo, kodwa kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izingcingo eziya kuleyo labhulali zenzeka ngochungechunge olulodwa. Iphethini evamile iwukudala uchungechunge lomabi ozinikele oluhlela kabusha zonke izingcingo ze-C++ ngesiteshi. Imisebenzi ye-async ye-Rust ihambisa izicelo futhi ilindele izimpendulo ngaphandle kokuvimbela isikhathi sokusebenza esinemicu eminingi. Ikhodi ye-C++ ngokwayo ayidingi izinguquko - umkhawulo wokuphepha uphoqelelwa ngokuphelele ohlangothini lwe-Rust.

Ingabe i-FFI ibaluleke ngokwanele ukuthi ingathinta ukusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza?

Amakholi e-FFI angawodwana ane-overhead encane - ngokuvamile angaphansi kwama-nanoseconds angu-10 ocingweni lokusebenza olulula. Kodwa-ke, ukwenziwa kwesiriyeli kwezakhiwo zedatha eziyinkimbinkimbi nokuvumelanisa intambo emngceleni kuyahlanganisa uma wenza izinkulungwane zezingcingo ezihlatshwe kahle. Ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi kanye nokusebenzisa amafomethi wokwenza ikhophi ayiziro njenge-FlatBuffers noma i-Cap'n Proto kugcina phezulu kungabonakali ngisho nasezikalini.

Ingabe kufanele sibhale kabusha i-C++ codebase yethu ku-Rust esikhundleni sokuhlanganisa?

Emaqenjini amaningi, ukusebenzisana okukhulayo kuyindlela ephephile nesheshayo. Ukubhala kabusha okugcwele kwethula izinyanga zengcuphe yobunjiniyela engenalo inani elibhekene nomsebenzisi kuze kuqedwe. I-Interfacing ikuvumela ukuthi uthumele ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha, uqinisekise indlela ye-Rust ekukhiqizeni, futhi uthuthe amamojula eyodwa ngesikhathi ngokusekelwe lapho ukuvumelanisa kwezimali kuletha khona umthelela omkhulu. Bhala kabusha kuphela amamojula lapho izindleko zokugcina umngcele we-FFI zidlula izindleko zokuphinda ubhale.

E-Mewayz, sakha ingqalasizinda ekala - kokubili ngokobuchwepheshe nangokokusebenza. I-OS yethu yebhizinisi lamamojula angu-207 isiza amaqembu angu-138,000 ukuthi aqhube ukugeleza komsebenzi okuhlakaniphile kusukela ku-$19/ngenyanga. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphatha amaphrojekthi, ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo, noma ukukala ibhizinisi lakho, i-Mewayz ivumelana nendlela osebenza ngayo. Qala isilingo sakho samahhala ku-app.mewayz.com futhi ubone ukuthi i-OS yebhizinisi yesimanje ingayenzela iqembu lakho.